Scripture: Hebrews 4

Hebrews
Chapter: 4

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Let us therefore fear, lest, a promise being left us of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it.

HEBREWS 4:1

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For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it.

HEBREWS 4:2

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For we which have believed do enter into rest, as he said, As I have sworn in my wrath, if they shall enter into my rest: although the works were finished from the foundation of the world.

HEBREWS 4:3

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For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.

HEBREWS 4:4

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And in this place again, If they shall enter into my rest.

HEBREWS 4:5

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Seeing therefore it remaineth that some must enter therein, and they to whom it was first preached entered not in because of unbelief:

HEBREWS 4:6

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Again, he limiteth a certain day, saying in David, To day, after so long a time; as it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts.

HEBREWS 4:7

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For if Jesus had given them rest, then would he not afterward have spoken of another day.

HEBREWS 4:8

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There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God.

HEBREWS 4:9

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For he that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from his own works, as God did from his.

HEBREWS 4:10

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Let us labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief.

HEBREWS 4:11

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For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.

HEBREWS 4:12

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Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do.

HEBREWS 4:13

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Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.

HEBREWS 4:14

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For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.

HEBREWS 4:15

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Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.

HEBREWS 4:16

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Chapter:
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Hebrews 4
CHURCH FATHERS: 17

1. Clement of Rome | CHURCH FATHER 97 AD

W Pope_Clement_I

Hebrews was APPROVED (75%) by Clement of Rome
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)

2. Ignatius of Antioch | CHURCH FATHER 110 AD

W Ignatius_of_Antioch

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Ignatius of Antioch
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

3. Barnabas | CHURCH FATHER 130 AD

W Barnabas

Hebrews was APPROVED (75%) by Barnabas
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)

4. Hermas | CHURCH FATHER 140 AD

W Hermas_(freedman)

Hebrews was APPROVED (75%) by Hermas
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)

5. Papias of Hierapolis | CHURCH FATHER 140 AD

W Papias_of_Hierapolis

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Papias of Hierapolis
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

6. Polycarp | CHURCH FATHER 150 AD

W Polycarp

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Polycarp
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

7. Didache | CHURCH FATHER 150 AD

W Didache

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Didache
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

8. Diognetus | CHURCH FATHER 150 AD

W Epistle_to_Diognetus

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Diognetus
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

9. Justin Martyr | CHURCH FATHER 155 AD

W Justin_Martyr

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Justin Martyr
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

10. Irenaeous | CHURCH FATHER 202 AD

W Irenaeus

Hebrews was APPROVED (75%) by Irenaeous
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)

11. Clement of Alexandria | CHURCH FATHER 215 AD

W Clement_of_Alexandria

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Clement of Alexandria
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

12. Tertullian | CHURCH FATHER 220 AD

W Tertullian

Hebrews was APPROVED (75%) by Tertullian
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)

13. Origen | CHURCH FATHER 254 AD

W Origen

Hebrews was DISPUTED (50%) by Origen
(Dubious; useful for inspiration)

14. Eusebius of Caesarea | CHURCH FATHER 340 AD

W Eusebius

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Eusebius of Caesarea
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

15. Athanasius of Alexandria | CHURCH FATHER 367 AD

W Athanasius_of_Alexandria

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Athanasius of Alexandria
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

16. Cyril of Jerusalem | CHURCH FATHER 386 AD

W Cyril_of_Jerusalem

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Cyril of Jerusalem
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

17. Augustine of Hippo | CHURCH FATHER 400 AD

W Augustine of Hippo

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Augustine of Hippo
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

Hebrews 4
BIBLE CANON: 5

A biblical canon is a set of texts (or "books") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. Christians were the first to use the term in reference to scripture.

These bible canons have developed through debate and agreement by the religious authorities.

W Biblical_canon

1. Marcion Canon | BIBLE CANON 140 AD
Marcionism was a religious movement based on the teachings of the 2nd-century Marcion of Sinope. Marcions Canon lists 14 books out of the 27 books in the New Testament. More specifically, these were Luke and Paul's 13 writings. Marcion even rejected the entire Old Testament of 39 books.

bible.ca/marcion

W Marcion_of_Sinope

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Marcion Canon
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

2. Muratorian Canon | BIBLE CANON 170 AD
The Muratorian Canon is an ancient list of New Testament books - the oldest such list we have found and lists 22 of the 27 books that were later included in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

It is noteworthy that the Muratorian Canon omits several epistles that later did win acceptance in the Christian New Testament such as the books of James and 2 Peter.

gotquestions.org/muratorian

W Muratorian_fragment

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Muratorian Canon
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

3. Apostolic Canon | BIBLE CANON 300 AD
Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons

W Canons_of_the_Apostles

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Apostolic Canon
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

4. Cheltenham/ Mommsen List | BIBLE CANON 360 AD
The Cheltenham or Mommsen List is a Latin manuscript discovered by the German classical scholar Theodor Mommsen (published 1886) which probably originated in North Africa in the 4th century.

It has 24-book Old Testament and 24-book New Testament which omits Jude and James, and perhaps Hebrews, and questions the epistles of John and Peter.

bible-researcher.com/cheltenham

W Theodor_Mommsen

Hebrews was REJECTED (0%) by Cheltenham/ Mommsen List
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)

5. Council of Rome | BIBLE CANON 382 AD
The Council of Rome was a meeting of Catholic Church officials and theologians which took place in 382 under the authority of Pope Damasus I, bishop of Rome.

According to a document appended to some manuscripts, the Council of Rome affirmed the authority of the Old and New Testament canon in a decretal or damasine list.

W Council_of_Rome

Hebrews was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Council of Rome
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)

Hebrews 4
TEXTUAL CRITICISM

Was Paul the Author? Evidence
Today, it is assumed Paul is the author. However, it is known that Paul extensively used Scribes ('Amanuensis') to write his letters. Paul dictated his thoughts and the Scribe wrote the letter as they saw fit. Therefore, most of Paul's Epistles (letters) in the New Testament Bible are authored by unknown Scribes.

Paul had a troubling 'Thorn' Evidence
In his Corinthians letter, Paul speaks of a 'Thorn In My Flesh' troubling him. Bible scholars have 4 theories on the 'thorn':

Physical Sickness

Mental Illness

Spiritual Problem

Ministerial Opposition

2CORINTHIANS 12:7

brianchilton/thorn

blueletter/thorn

Paul had poor Eye-Sight Evidence
It is known that Paul used Scribes ('Amanuensis') to write his letters as he suffered from poor eye-sight and was unable to write. According to early sources, Paul was 'a short, bony, little Jew with constant running eyes from his eye problems, squinting with a very large angular nose'. studylight/commentaries

See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand [Paul's eyesight was defective and he needed help to write]

GALATIANS 6:11

As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.

GALATIANS 4:13-15

Paul replied, Brothers, I did not know [due to bad eye-sight] that he was the high priest; for it is written: 'Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.'

ACTS 23:5

Church was aware of Paul's Eye-Sight problem Evidence
In Galatians, Paul confirms the Galatian Church was aware of his eye-sight problem. So much so, they would have 'plucked out their own eyes and given them to him' were it possible.

Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.

GALATIANS 4:15

Paul used Scribes to write his Epistles (Letters) Evidence
Paul composed his letters in accordance with the writing conventions of his time. Scribes were essential as the skills required for writing with primitive pens and paper made writing legibly a challenge.

Tertius was one Roman Scribe ('Amanuensis') who wrote on behalf of Paul. Tertius wrote Paul's Epistles (letters), either from notes, ideas or direct from Paul's mouth. At the end of the Epistle (letter), Paul would conclude with personal greetings in his own writing. [John Gill's commentary]

Timothy is present as Paul and Tertius write Romans. Did Timothy have any influence over the final text? If so, what was that influence? Was any text in Romans written by Timothy? trivialdevotion/tertius

I, Tertius, the one writing this letter for Paul, send my greetings, too, as one of the Lord's followers

ROMANS 16:22

Paul, write this greeting in my own hand. Remember my chains. Grace be with you.

COLOSSIANS 4:18

I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand, which is the distinguishing mark in all my letters. This is how I write.

2THESSALONIANS 3:17

I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand.

1CORINTHIANS 16:21

Timothy, my co-worker, sends his greetings to you, as do Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, my fellow Jews.

ROMANS 16:21

Hebrews 4
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