Revelation
Chapter: 18
And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory.
6 of 24
And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.
7 of 24
For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
8 of 24
And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.
9 of 24
For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.
10 of 24
Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double.
11 of 24
How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.
12 of 24
Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her.
13 of 24
And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,
14 of 24
Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.
15 of 24
And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:
16 of 24
The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,
17 of 24
And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.
18 of 24
And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.
19 of 24
The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,
20 of 24
And saying, Alas, alas, that great city, that was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!
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For in one hour so great riches is come to nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off,
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And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city!
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And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.
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Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.
25 of 24
And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.
26 of 24
And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee;
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And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.
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And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.
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Revelation 18
CHURCH FATHERS: 17
1. Clement of Rome | CHURCH FATHER
97 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Clement of Rome
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
2. Ignatius of Antioch | CHURCH FATHER
110 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Ignatius of Antioch
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
3. Barnabas | CHURCH FATHER
130 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Barnabas
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
4. Hermas | CHURCH FATHER
140 AD
Revelation was APPROVED (75%) by Hermas
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
5. Papias of Hierapolis | CHURCH FATHER
140 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Papias of Hierapolis
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
6. Polycarp | CHURCH FATHER
150 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Polycarp
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
7. Didache | CHURCH FATHER
150 AD
Revelation was APPROVED (75%) by Didache
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
8. Diognetus | CHURCH FATHER
150 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Diognetus
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
9. Justin Martyr | CHURCH FATHER
155 AD
Revelation was APPROVED (75%) by Justin Martyr
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
10. Irenaeous | CHURCH FATHER
202 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Irenaeous
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
11. Clement of Alexandria | CHURCH FATHER
215 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Clement of Alexandria
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
12. Tertullian | CHURCH FATHER
220 AD
Revelation was APPROVED (75%) by Tertullian
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
13. Origen | CHURCH FATHER
254 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Origen
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
14. Eusebius of Caesarea | CHURCH FATHER
340 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Eusebius of Caesarea
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
15. Athanasius of Alexandria | CHURCH FATHER
367 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Athanasius of Alexandria
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
16. Cyril of Jerusalem | CHURCH FATHER
386 AD
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Cyril of Jerusalem
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
17. Augustine of Hippo | CHURCH FATHER
400 AD
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Augustine of Hippo
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Revelation 18
BIBLE CANON: 5
A biblical canon is a set of texts (or "books") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. Christians were the first to use the term in reference to scripture.
These bible canons have developed through debate and agreement by the religious authorities.
1. Marcion Canon | BIBLE CANON
140 AD
Marcionism was a religious movement based on the teachings of the 2nd-century Marcion of Sinope. Marcions Canon lists 14 books out of the 27 books in the New Testament. More specifically, these were Luke and Paul's 13 writings. Marcion even rejected the entire Old Testament of 39 books.
bible.ca/marcion
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Marcion Canon
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
2. Muratorian Canon | BIBLE CANON
170 AD
The Muratorian Canon is an ancient list of New Testament books - the oldest such list we have found and lists 22 of the 27 books that were later included in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
It is noteworthy that the Muratorian Canon omits several epistles that later did win acceptance in the Christian New Testament such as the books of James and 2 Peter.
gotquestions.org/muratorian
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Muratorian Canon
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
3. Apostolic Canon | BIBLE CANON
300 AD
Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons
Revelation was REJECTED (0%) by Apostolic Canon
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
4. Cheltenham/ Mommsen List | BIBLE CANON
360 AD
The Cheltenham or Mommsen List is a Latin manuscript discovered by the German classical scholar Theodor Mommsen (published 1886) which probably originated in North Africa in the 4th century.
It has 24-book Old Testament and 24-book New Testament which omits Jude and James, and perhaps Hebrews, and questions the epistles of John and Peter.
bible-researcher.com/cheltenham
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Cheltenham/ Mommsen List
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
5. Council of Rome | BIBLE CANON
382 AD
The Council of Rome was a meeting of Catholic Church officials and theologians which took place in 382 under the authority of Pope Damasus I, bishop of Rome.
According to a document appended to some manuscripts, the Council of Rome affirmed the authority of the Old and New Testament canon in a decretal or damasine list.
Revelation was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Council of Rome
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Revelation 18
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Apostle Paul preached Revelation he received directly from God; superior to Apostles Doctrine - Robert Breaker
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In Revelation 13:18, the oldest manuscript has 'the Beast' as #616, not #666 - Daniel Wallace
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For me, the Bible has too many 'human' mistakes to be the inerrant revelation from God - Bart Ehrman
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In Revelation 3:20, KJV used 'any man'. RSV Bible is gender-neutral with 'anyone' - Bruce Metzger
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Torah, Psalm and Gospel (Injeel) were revelation from God given in spoken word form (Wahi) to Moses, David and Jesus - Ahmed Deedat
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Absolute Equality forced the Church of England to choose between Revelation or Revolution. I chose to leave - Gavin Ashenden
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Apostle Paul received revelation direct from God. Is this proof Jesus historically existed? - Gary Habermas (Godless Engineer)
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In Revelation 13, the 5G Man-Machine-Beast has Arisen - Gene Kim
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IMPORTANT: All Scripture text has context and background. Scripture should never be read literally or in isolation. Always seek clarification from religious scholars and teachers. In general, Scripture adheres to four principles: (1) Literal Meaning - What the Scripture says (2) Historical Setting - The story events; how the Scripture was understood in its time (3) Grammar - The surrounding sentence and paragraph; textual context (4) Synthesis - A comparison with similar Scripture to give a better contextual understanding