Philemon
Chapter: 1
Chapter: 1
Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer,
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And to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in thy house:
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Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints;
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That the communication of thy faith may become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in you in Christ Jesus.
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For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother.
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Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,
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Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ.
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Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me:
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Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:
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Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel:
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But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly.
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For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou shouldest receive him for ever;
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Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
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I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides.
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Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord.
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Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say.
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But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through your prayers I shall be given unto you.
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Philemon 1
CHURCH FATHERS: 17
CHURCH FATHERS: 17
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Clement of Rome
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was APPROVED (75%) by Ignatius of Antioch
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
(Citation; approving quotation; alluded to; acceptable with changes)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Barnabas
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Hermas
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Papias of Hierapolis
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Polycarp
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Didache
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Diognetus
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Justin Martyr
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Irenaeous
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Clement of Alexandria
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Tertullian
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was REJECTED (0%) by Origen
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
(No mention; no quotes; opinion unknown)
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Eusebius of Caesarea
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Athanasius of Alexandria
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Cyril of Jerusalem
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Augustine of Hippo
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Philemon 1
BIBLE CANON: 5
A biblical canon is a set of texts (or "books") which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture. Christians were the first to use the term in reference to scripture.
BIBLE CANON: 5
These bible canons have developed through debate and agreement by the religious authorities.
Marcionism was a religious movement based on the teachings of the 2nd-century Marcion of Sinope. Marcions Canon lists 14 books out of the 27 books in the New Testament. More specifically, these were Luke and Paul's 13 writings. Marcion even rejected the entire Old Testament of 39 books.
bible.ca/marcion
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Marcion Canon
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
The Muratorian Canon is an ancient list of New Testament books - the oldest such list we have found and lists 22 of the 27 books that were later included in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
It is noteworthy that the Muratorian Canon omits several epistles that later did win acceptance in the Christian New Testament such as the books of James and 2 Peter.
gotquestions.org/muratorian
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Muratorian Canon
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Apostolic Canon
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
The Cheltenham or Mommsen List is a Latin manuscript discovered by the German classical scholar Theodor Mommsen (published 1886) which probably originated in North Africa in the 4th century.
It has 24-book Old Testament and 24-book New Testament which omits Jude and James, and perhaps Hebrews, and questions the epistles of John and Peter.
bible-researcher.com/cheltenham
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Cheltenham/ Mommsen List
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
The Council of Rome was a meeting of Catholic Church officials and theologians which took place in 382 under the authority of Pope Damasus I, bishop of Rome.
According to a document appended to some manuscripts, the Council of Rome affirmed the authority of the Old and New Testament canon in a decretal or damasine list.
Philemon was FULLY ACCEPTED (100%) by Council of Rome
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
(Fully accepted; true scripture; quoted approvingly)
Philemon 1
TEXTUAL CRITICISM
TEXTUAL CRITICISM
Today, it is assumed Paul is the author. However, it is known that Paul extensively used Scribes ('Amanuensis') to write his letters. Paul dictated his thoughts and the Scribe wrote the letter as they saw fit. Therefore, most of Paul's Epistles (letters) in the New Testament Bible are authored by unknown Scribes.
In his Corinthians letter, Paul speaks of a 'Thorn In My Flesh' troubling him. Bible scholars have 4 theories on the 'thorn':
-
1. Physical Sickness - The 'thorn' is a physical sickness (i.e. malaria, malta fever, epilepsy, convulsive attacks, chronic ophthalmia etc.). Many of these illnesses affect the eye-sight and would explain why Paul suffered from poor vision.
2. Mental Illness - The 'thorn' is a mental illness (i.e. brain disorder, hallucination, schizophrenia, depression etc.)
3. Spiritual Problem - The 'thorn' is a spiritual or moral problem (i.e. demon, evil-spirit, devil possession etc.)
4. Ministerial Opposition - The 'thorn' is the Jewish persecution, opposition and resistance to Paul's ministry. This is considered a weak theory because if Paul was referring to a opposing person or movement, he would have referred to such individuals by name. brianchilton/thorn blueletter/thorn
It is known that Paul used Scribes ('Amanuensis') to write his letters as he suffered from poor eye-sight and was unable to write. According to early sources, Paul was 'a short, bony, little Jew with constant running eyes from his eye problems, squinting with a very large angular nose'. studylight/commentaries
See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand [Paul's eyesight was defective and he needed help to write]
As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.
Paul replied, Brothers, I did not know [due to bad eye-sight] that he was the high priest; for it is written: 'Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.'
As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.
Paul replied, Brothers, I did not know [due to bad eye-sight] that he was the high priest; for it is written: 'Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.'
In Galatians, Paul confirms the Galatian Church was aware of his eye-sight problem. So much so, they would have 'plucked out their own eyes and given them to him' were it possible.
Where, then, is your blessing of me now? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me.
Paul composed his letters in accordance with the writing conventions of his time. Scribes were essential as the skills required for writing with primitive pens and paper made writing legibly a challenge.
Tertius was one Roman Scribe ('Amanuensis') who wrote on behalf of Paul. Tertius wrote Paul's Epistles (letters), either from notes, ideas or direct from Paul's mouth. At the end of the Epistle (letter), Paul would conclude with personal greetings in his own writing. [John Gill's commentary]
Timothy is present as Paul and Tertius write Romans. Did Timothy have any influence over the final text? If so, what was that influence? Was any text in Romans written by Timothy? trivialdevotion/tertius
I, Tertius, the one writing this letter for Paul, send my greetings, too, as one of the Lord's followers
Paul, write this greeting in my own hand. Remember my chains. Grace be with you.
I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand, which is the distinguishing mark in all my letters. This is how I write.
I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand.
Timothy, my co-worker, sends his greetings to you, as do Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, my fellow Jews.
Paul, write this greeting in my own hand. Remember my chains. Grace be with you.
I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand, which is the distinguishing mark in all my letters. This is how I write.
I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand.
Timothy, my co-worker, sends his greetings to you, as do Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, my fellow Jews.
'Interpolation' is where a Word, Verse, Passage or even entire Chapter was added to Paul's Letter, often many years after Paul had written, disseminated it or died.
Bible Scholars who hold the view that Paul's Letter is interpolated include:
- Queried by Baur and Holtzmann.
- 5-6, Bruckner.
- 19a, Zuntz.
- Jiilicher and Fascher (1931: 23f.) lists scholars who find interpolations in Philemon. These include Clemen; Paulus (1904}; and Hagge {1876}.
Philemon 1
VIDEO: 2
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Bible Project: Philemon
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Forged Fiction: Philemon
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IMPORTANT: All Scripture text has context and background. Scripture should never be read literally or in isolation. Always seek clarification from religious scholars and teachers. In general, Scripture adheres to four principles: (1) Literal Meaning - What the Scripture says (2) Historical Setting - The story events; how the Scripture was understood in its time (3) Grammar - The surrounding sentence and paragraph; textual context (4) Synthesis - A comparison with similar Scripture to give a better contextual understanding
